Sunday, January 6, 2013

Tulang Keras (Tulang Sejati)

Pembentukan tulang keras berawal dari kartilago (berasal dari mesenkim). Tulang keras tersusun dari jaringan tulang keras, yang terdiri dari sel-sel tulang ( osteosit) yang membentuk lingkaran. Di tengah-tengah sel tulang terdapat saluran Havers. Di dalam saluran Havers terdapat pembuluh kapiler yang berfungsi untuk mengangkut sari makanan dan oksigen pada sel tulang.
Pada tulang keras banyak mengandung zat kapur (kalsium) dan sedikit mengandung zat perekat. Matriks akan mengeluarkan kapur dan fosfor yang menyebabkan tulang menjadi keras. Proses pengerasan tulang disebut penulangan atau osi kasi. Perhatikan gambar 3.2. Jenis osi kasi adalah desmal dan kondral. Kondral meliputi perikondral dan enkondral. Desmal merupakan penulangan pada tulang keras, sedangkan kondral adalah penulangan pada tulang rawan.

Gambar 3.2 (a) Pertumbuhan tulang pada tangan dari bayi sampai dewasa, dilihat melalui sinar x (b) Proses

Sel-sel tulang keras yang telah mati akan membentuk rongga bekas sel tulang yang disebut lakuna. Setiap lakuna dapat berhubungan satu sama lainnya melalui saluran-saluran kecil yang disebut kanalikuli.

image

Tulang keras terdapat pada seluruh tulang anggota gerak. Lapisan luarnya keras (tulang kompak) dan mengelilingi rongga yang disebut rongga sumsum. Jadi, tulang tidak rapat, tetapi berongga di tengahnya. Seandainya semua tulang rapat tanpa rongga, tubuh kita sangat berat dan akan sulit digerakkan.


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