Wednesday, January 23, 2013

Pengertian Gas Ideal dan Sifat

Berdasar teori partikel zat, dinyatakan bahwa zat terdiri atas partikel-partikel yang bergetar pada kedudukan setimbangnya. Partikel-partikel tersebut dapat berupa atom atau molekul. Pada zat gas, partikel-partikelnya bergerak bebas karena hampir tidak ada gaya tarik-menarik antarpartikel. Jadi, kadang terjadi benturan antarpartikel dan sering berbenturan dengan tempatnya.

Menurut teori partikel, adanya tekanan gas di dalam ruangan tertutup disebabkan oleh benturan-benturan partikel gas pada dinding atau dengan kata lain tekanan gas pada ruang tertutup ditimbulkan oleh gerak partikel gas tersebut. Untuk menyederhanakan perhitungan matematika, maka yang dimaksud dengan gas dalam teori kinetik adalah gas ideal dengan beberapa anggapananggapan dasar. Melalui sifat-sifat yang dimiliki oleh gas ideal diharapkan orang dapat menaksir sifa-sifat gas yang ada sebenarnya (gas sejati) dalam batas-batas tertentu.

Dari segi pandangan mikroskopi didefinisikan suatu gas ideal dengan membuat anggapan-anggapan sebagai berikut:
a) gas ideal terdiri atas partikel-partikel yang jumlahnya banyak sekali;
b) partikel-partikel tersebut tersebar merata ke seluruh ruangan;
c) partikel-partikel tersebut senantiasa bergerak yang arahnya sembarang;
d) jarak antara partikel jauh lebih besar dari ukuran partikel sehingga ukuran partikel diabaikan;
e) tidak ada gaya antara partikel satu dengan yang lain kecuali bila tumbukan
f) tumbukan partikel dengan dinding tempat atau dengan partikel lain dianggap lenting sempurna; serta
g) mengikuti hukum newton tentang gerak.


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