Thursday, October 31, 2013

Sifat Unsur-Unsur Golongan IA

Unsur-unsur golongan IA disebut juga unsur-unsur logam alkali. Unsur-unsur golongan alkali semuanya bersifat logam yang sangat reaktif. Kereaktifan unsur-unsur alkali disebabkan memiliki energi ionisasi kecil sehingga cenderung melepaskan elektron valensinya dan membentuk suatu kation bermuatan +1. Beberapa sifat unsur golongan IA dapat dilihat pada Tabel 2.6.

sifat fisik unsur golongan 1 a

sifat reaktifitas unsur golongan 1a

Semua unsur alkali berwarna putih, misalnya perak. Pada suhu kamar, semua unsur alkali berwujud padat kecuali cesium berwujud cair. Natrium adalah logam bersifat lunak sehingga dapat dipotong dengan pisau. Kalium lebih lunak dari natrium. Logam litium, natrium, dan kalium memiliki massa jenis kurang dari 1,0 g/cm3. Akibatnya, ketiga logam tersebut terapung di atas air, tetapi ketiga logam ini sangat reaktif terhadap air dan bereaksi sangat dahsyat yang disertai nyala api (perhatikan Gambar 2.8).

image

Gambar 2.8 Logam alkali sangat reaktif dalam air

Kereaktifan logam alkali dengan air menjadi lebih dahsyat dari atas ke bawah dalam tabel periodik. Sepotong logam litium jika ditambahkan ke dalam air akan bereaksi dengan air disertai nyala api. Kalium bereaksi lebih dahsyat disertai ledakan dan nyala berwarna ungu. Logam alkali bereaksi dengan oksigen dari udara membentuk oksida
logam alkali, seperti Li2O (litium oksida), Na2O2 (natrium peroksida), dan KO2 (kalium superoksida). Li2O padatan berwarna putih, Na2O2 padatan berwarna putih-kekuningan, dan KO2 berwarna kuning-jingga.

Ketika dibakar di udara, semua logam alkali menghasilkan nyala  dengan warna yang karakteristik. Uji nyala dapat digunakan untuk mengidentifikasi keberadaan senyawa yang tidak diketahui. Warna yang dihasilkan oleh unsur-unsur golongan IA disebutkan dalam Tabel 2.7.

tabel warna nyala unsur logam alkaliuji nyala pada logam alkali

  Gambar 2.9 Uji nyala pada logam alkali

Penjelasan Materi Lainnya



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