Friday, August 9, 2013

Sejarah Penemuan Neutron

Keberadaan neutron dalam atom ditemukan oleh J. Chadwick melalui percobaan penembakan unsur berilium oleh partikel alfa kecepatan tinggi. Dari percobaan tersebut, terbentuk partikel yang tidak dipengaruhi medan magnet dan dapat bertumbukan dengan parafin (Gambar 1.4). Partikel alfa adalah partikel bermuatan positif yang dipancarkan oleh unsur radio aktif.

Diagram alir pelepasan partikel

Data percobaan menunjukkan bahwa sinar yang keluar dari target berilium tidak dipengaruhi oleh medan magnet. Ketika sinar yang keluar dari target berilium menumbuk parafin, proton akan keluar dari parafin dengan kecepatan tinggi. Chadwick menyimpulkan bahwa partikel yang keluar dari unsur berilium tidak bermuatan dan memiliki massa hampir sama dengan massa proton. Partikel tersebut dinamakan neutron.


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