Saturday, August 10, 2013

Standar Massa Atom – Persamaan, Sejarah

Standar massa atom yang kali pertama diberlakukan adalah atom hidrogen, massanya ditetapkan sebesar 1,0 sma (satuan massa atom). Pada perkembangan selanjutnya, standar massa atom adalah atom oksigen, yang massanya ditetapkan sebesar 16,0 sma.

Dengan berkembangnya teknologi dalam bidang instrumentasi, khususnya spektrometer massa, diketahui bahwa atom-atom suatu unsur dapat memiliki lebih dari satu macam isotop. Berdasarkan sifat-sifat isotop atom, ditetapkan bahwa standar massa atom adalah isotop karbon yang massanya 12 sma. Alasannya, isotop karbon-12 merupakan isotop paling stabil. Penetapan isotop karbon-12 sebagai standar massa atom dibakukan oleh IUPAC (International Union of Pure and Applied Chemistry) pada 1961 dan didefinisikan sebagai:

Penetapan isotop karbon 12

Penentuan massa isotop atom-atom lain didasarkan pada nilai perbandingan terhadap massa atom isotop karbon-12. Jadi, massa atom isotop suatu unsur, misalnya isotop atom X sama dengan:

image


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