Saturday, August 10, 2013

Gangguan Fisiologis Pada Rangka

Gangguan siologis pada tulang dapat disebabkan oleh kelainan fungsi hormon atau vitamin.

1) Rakitis
Rakitis merupakan penyakit tulang di mana kaki melengkung menyerupai huruf O atau X. Penyakit ini disebabkan oleh kekurangan vitamin D dan zat kapur (kalsium) pada makanan sehingga pertumbuhan dan pembentukan tulang tidak sempurna.

2) Mikrosefalus
Mikrosefalus merupakan gangguan pertumbuhan tulang tengkorak sehingga kepala berukuran kecil disebabkan karena pada masa bayi kekurangan kalsium.

3) Osteoporosis
Osteoporosis merupakan gangguan tulang dengan gejala penurunan massa tulang sehingga tulang menjadi rapuh. Hal ini terjadi karena lambatnya osi kasi dan penghambatan reabsorpsi (penyerapan kembali) bahan-bahan tulang. Osteoporosis terjadi karena ketidakseimbangan hormon kelamin pada pria dan wanita, kurangnya asupan kalsium, serta vitamin D. Perhatikan gambar 3.20.

tulang-normal-dan-yang-mengalami-gangguan


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