Tuesday, January 22, 2013

Hukum I Termodinamika – Pengertian, Rumus

Energi Dalam

Pada waktu kita membahas teori kinetik gas, kita mengganggap bahwa gas terdiri atas molekul-molekul. Tiap molekul ini bergerak karena mempunyai energi. Jumlah tiap energi yang dimiliki oleh tiap molekul inilah yang dinamakan energi dalam gas.
Besar energi dalam:

Daftar rumus besar energi dalam berbagai keadaan gas

Dari persamaan tersebut terlihat bahwa energi dalam gas hanya tergantung pada suhu. Untuk mengubah energi dalam gas berarti harus mengubah suhu. Suhu dapat diubah, jika sistem menerima/memberikan panas atau sistem melakukan/menerima usaha.

Gambar energi dalam gas

Gambar 9.7 melukiskan suatu gas dalam bejana tertutup piston yang bebas bergerak sedang dipanasi. Panas yang diterima oleh gas digunakan untuk dua hal, yaitu untuk menaikkan energi dan untuk melakukan usaha luar.

Q = Δu + W


Q = panas yang diterima oleh gas
Δu = perubahan energi dalam gas
W = usaha yang dilakukan oleh gas

Dari persamaan di atas diperoleh:
Q positif jika gas (system) menerima panas
Q negatif jika gas (system) memberikan panas
Δu positif jika energi dalam gas (system) bertambah
Δu negatif jika energi dalam gas (system) berkurang
W positif jika gas (system) melakukan usaha (kerja)
W negatif jika gas (system) menerima usaha (kerja)

Persamaan Q = Δu + W dikenal dengan hukum I Termodinamika, yang sebenarnya merupakan hukum kekekalan energi.

Menurut hukum I Termodinamika "sejumlah panas yang diterima oleh suatu gas (system) dan usaha yang dilakukan terhadap suatu gas (system) dapat digunakan untuk menambah energi dalam gas (system) tersebut".

Hukum I Termodinamika dapat ditinjau dengan berbagai proses:
a) Proses Isotermis
Pada proses isotermis: Δu = 0 sehingga Q = W
b) Proses Isobaris
Pada proses isobaris: Q = Δu + W
c) Proses Isokhoris
Pada proses isokhoris W = 0 sehingga Q = Δu
d) Proses Adiabatis
Pada proses adiabatis Q = 0 sehingga 0 = Δu + W
W = -Δu


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