Tuesday, November 13, 2012

Jaringan Pengangkut

Jaringan pengangkut bertugas mengangkut zat-zat yang dibutuhkan oleh tumbuhan. Ada dua macam jaringan yaitu xilem atau pembuluh kayu dan floem atau pembuluh lapis/pembuluh kulit kayu. Xilem bertugas mengangkut air dan garam-garam mineral terlarut dari akar ke seluruh bagian tubuh tumbuhan. Xilem ada 2 macam, yaitu trakea dan trakeid.

Trakeid adalah sel-sel tumbuhan yang dindingnya mengalami lignifikasi (penebalan oleh senyawa lignin) dan sel-selnya akan mati setelah dewasa. Floem bertugas mengangkut hasil fotosintesis dari daun ke seluruh bagian tubuh tumbuhan. Floem dicirikan dengan adanya komponen pembuluh tapis dan sel pengiring. Komponen pembuluh tapis merupakan sel-sel memanjang yang ujungnya bersatu membentuk suatu pembuluh.

Sel pengiring merupakan sel yang berukuran lebih kecil dibandingkan sel penyusun pembuluh tapis dan berperan untuk memberi makan sel-sel pembuluh tapis yang masih hidup. Sel pengiring hanya dijumpai pada Angiospermae.

Xilem dan floem membentuk berkas pembuluh angkut. Beberapa tipe ikatan pembuluh angkut yang dapat ditemukan antara lain tipe kolateral, tipe konsentris, tipe bikolateral, serta tipe radial.

** Tulisan ini meliputi pengertian jaringan pengangkut, fungsi xilem dan fungsi floem.


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