Monday, August 12, 2013

Penyebab Cacar - Virus

Penyakit cacar atau variola disebabkan oleh virus smallpox. Penyakit cacar berakibat fatal dan sangat mudah ditularkan melalui kontak tubuh dengan penderita. Setelah masa inkubasi selama 12 hari, muncul gejala demam tinggi dan emosi kacau yang tampak seperti gejala keracunan. Tiga atau empat hari kemudian gejala ini diikuti dengan munculnya ruam di wajah, lengan, paha, telapak tangan, dan telapak kaki. Dalam enam sampai 10 hari ruam berkembang menjadi radang. Pada daerah radang ini sangat mudah terjadi infeksi sekunder oleh bakteri.

Radang kemudian akan mengeras, biasanya meninggalkan parut di kulit. Demam dan gejala keracunan mulai berkurang. Kematian biasanya diakibatkan oleh infeksi pada jantung, hati, dan otak. Pada tahun 1967 WHO mengeluarkan program vaksinasi untuk melawan virus cacar, karena pada saat itu penyakit ini menyebabkan infeksi pada 10 – 15 juta orang di seluruh dunia setiap tahunnya, dengan 2 juta orang diantaranya meninggal dunia. Pada tahun 1979 WHO menyatakan virus  cacar telah punah dari bumi dan merekomendasikan untuk menghentikan vaksinasi dan menghancurkan stok virus di laboratorium. Pada saat ini sampel virus cacar hanya ada di Amerika dan Rusia.

Materi Referensi :

Budiati, Herni. 2009. Biologi untuk SMA dan MA Kelas X. Jakarta: Pusat Perbukuan, Departemen Pendidikan Nasional.


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