Tuesday, August 20, 2013

Tata Cara Sosialisasi - Proses

Proses sosialisasi individu di masyarakat dapat ditempuh dengan  berbagai cara yaitu:

1. Pelaziman (Conditioning)
Sebagian besar prilaku anak diperoleh dengan cara pelaziman. Anak mempertahankan suatu prilaku apabila dengan prilaku itu anak mendapatkan imbalan. Sebaliknya prilaku anak akan berhenti apabila prilaku itu mendapat hukuman. Dalam pelaziman hampir sebagian besar perilaku diperoleh anak secara positif. Dalam hal pelaziman ini peranan orang tua sangat besar.

2. Imitasi
Pada proses imitasi ini terjadi proses yang agak majemuk, anak akan melihat model yang akan ditiru perbuatannya.

3. Identifikasi
Identifikasi adalah proses peniruan secara mendalam. Anak tidak hanya meniru aspek luarnya saja tetapi ia ingin menjadikan dirinya identik (sama) dengan tokoh idealnya. Dalam perkembangan proses diri, identifikasi memegang peranan penting sebab melakukan identifikasi seseorang “mengkategorikan” dirinya dalam kategori tertentu.

4. Internalisasi
Pada internalisasi anak, anak mengikuti aturan bukan karena takut dihukum atau akan mendapatkan hadiah, bukan pula karena meniru tokoh idealnya. Ia mengikuti aturan karena merasa pasti bahwa norma itu telah menjadi bagian dari dirinya, ia menyadari bahwa perilaku tersebut diharapkan oleh masyarakat.

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