Thursday, December 13, 2012

Perbedaan Struktur Luar Batang Tumbuhan Herba dan Kayu

Perbedaan struktur luar pada tumbuhan tingkat tinggi dapat dibedakan menjadi dua kelompok, yaitu batang tumbuhan herba dan batang tumbuhan berkayu. Tumbuhan herba dan tumbuhan berkayu memiliki daun-daun di sepanjang batangnya.


a) Batang tumbuhan herba
Batang tumbuhan herba biasanya, berwarna hijau, jaringan kayu sedikit atau tidak ada, ukuran batang kecil, dan umumnya relatif pendek. Bagian luar batang terdiri dari epidermis yang tipis dan tidak mengandung gabus. Pada epidermis terdapat stomata sehingga jaringan di dalamnya dapat mengambil oksigen dan mengeluarkan karbon dioksida. Contoh: pacar air, jagung, bayam, kacang, dan bunga matahari.

b) Batang tumbuhan kayu
Batang tumbuhan berkayu umumnya keras dan umurnya relatif panjang. Permukaan batang keras dan di bagian tertentu terdapat lentisel. Lentisel berhubungan dengan bagian dalam batang dan berfungsi sebagai tempat pertukaran gas di batang. Pada tumbuhan berkayu yang masih muda terdapat kloro l, sehingga dapat melakukan fotosintesis. Akan tetapi, jika sudah terbentuk lapisan gabus kemampuan fotosintesis menjadi hilang. Lapisan gabus terbentuk oleh kambium gabus. Adanya aktivita  kambium menyebabkan rusaknya jaringan yang terdapat pada korteks dan epidermis. Dengan rusaknya jaringan tersebut akan menyebabkan kemampuan fotosintesis menjadi hilang.


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