Wednesday, January 23, 2013

Viskositas – Pengertian, Rumus

Pada dasarnya fluida dapat dikelompokkan menjadi dua, yaitu fluida ideal dan fluida sejati. Fluida ideal akan dibicarakan tersendiri dalam mekanika fluida. Fluida sejati adalah fluida yang kompressibel, mempunyai kekentalan atau viskositas tertentu sehingga terjadi gesekan apabila bersinggungan dengan zat lain. Dengan memperhatikan sifat-sifat dari fluida sejati akan kita pelajari gejala-gejala yang terjadi.

Percobaan Stokes:
Stokes malakukan percobaan dengan cara melepaskan sebuah bola ke dalam fluida. Dari hasil percobaan, Stokes memberikan suatu hukum tentang besarnya gaya penahan/gaya penghambat fluida terhadap gerak bola akibat adanya gesekan antara permukaan bola dengan fluida. Besar gaya gesek fluida/gaya Stokes itu adalah:

Rumus Hukum Stokes gaya gesek fluida

F = gaya stokes (newton)
r = jari-jari bola (m)
η = koefisien kekentalan/kekentalan fluida (N.det/m^2)
v = kecepatan relatif bola terhadap fluida (m/s)

Gaya stokes

Gambar 7.12 di samping melukiskan, sebuah bola baja dengan jari-jari r dilepaskan tanpa kecepatan awal ke dalam suatu fluida sejati. Gaya-gaya yang bekerja pada bola selama bergerak dalam fluida tersebut, antara lain:

Gaya yang bekerja pada bola di air archimides, stokes, berat bola

Gerak bola mula-mula gerak lurus dipercepat. Karena nilai gaya stokes bertambah besar, maka pada suatu saat terjadi kesetimbangan gaya sehingga bola bergerak lurus beraturan dengan suatu kecepatan tertentu. Dalam keadaan kesetimbangan gaya tersebut didapat:

kesetimbangan gaya bola di air


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